幼兒深度學(xué)習(xí)的基本特質(zhì)與邏輯架構(gòu)

摘要： 深度學(xué)習(xí)能力是新時(shí)代發(fā)展對(duì)人提出的新要求。幼兒深度學(xué)習(xí)是指幼兒在教師的引導(dǎo)下,在較長的一個(gè)時(shí)段,圍繞著富有挑戰(zhàn)性的課題,全身心地積極投入,通過同伴間的合作與探究,運(yùn)用高階思維,遷移已有經(jīng)驗(yàn),最終解決實(shí)際問題的有意義的學(xué)習(xí)過程。幼兒深度學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)在認(rèn)知層面,強(qiáng)調(diào)問題解決能力的培養(yǎng);表現(xiàn)在動(dòng)機(jī)層面,強(qiáng)調(diào)積極情緒的激發(fā)與維持;表現(xiàn)在社會(huì)文化層面,強(qiáng)調(diào)人際互動(dòng)中的溝通與支持。幼兒深度學(xué)習(xí)與淺層學(xué)習(xí)雖然在學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)、動(dòng)機(jī)、方式和結(jié)果等方面有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別,但二者是對(duì)應(yīng)而非對(duì)立的關(guān)系,淺層學(xué)習(xí)是深度學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),深度學(xué)習(xí)是對(duì)淺層學(xué)習(xí)的提高。幼兒深度學(xué)習(xí)的過程應(yīng)以問題解決為導(dǎo)向,以積極情緒為動(dòng)力,以動(dòng)手制作為依托,以同伴合作為支撐,以評(píng)價(jià)反思為主軸。
The ability of deep learning is a new requirement for people in the new era. Therefore,deep learning has been widely concerned by the international community, and the United States has identified deep learning as the direction of education in the 21 st century. Although there is a large volume of published studies on deep learning both nationally and internationally, more attention has focused on primary,secondary and higher education levels rather than on early years. Based on the existing theories and one year of practical research,this paper provides a systematic discussion of preschool children's deep learning. To be precise,this paper explains the connotation and characteristics of children's deep learning from a"full perspective",and provides a logical framework of children's deep learning with five dimensions:problem solving oriented,positive emotions driven,hands-on practice based,peer cooperation supported and reflective evaluation as principle.