學(xué)齡前兒童體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度他評(píng)量表的研制

摘要： 目的:設(shè)計(jì)出一套科學(xué)、合理且具有普適性的《學(xué)齡前兒童體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度他評(píng)量表》,以期能夠有效幫助教師和家長(zhǎng)掌握幼兒體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,合理安排體育活動(dòng)課程。方法:先后選取北京某一級(jí)一類幼兒園大班幼兒158人和27人進(jìn)行量表的檢驗(yàn)。為幼兒佩戴Polar Team 2團(tuán)隊(duì)心率表與RT3三軸加速度計(jì),進(jìn)行室內(nèi)、外活動(dòng)的跟蹤測(cè)試;與此同時(shí)教師和研究人員使用《學(xué)齡前兒童體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度他評(píng)量表》做出選擇,并填寫《量表》(文字版)。使用spss13.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,檢驗(yàn)量表的信度、效度,以及等級(jí)設(shè)置合理性。結(jié)果:經(jīng)過文字圖形轉(zhuǎn)化、校標(biāo)效度檢驗(yàn)(平均心率:r=0.468,P<0.01;Counts,r=0.472,P<0.01),以及教師意見反饋《量表》二稿納入外觀表現(xiàn)維度中呼吸、出汗和臉色3項(xiàng),共分為6個(gè)強(qiáng)度等級(jí)。經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),《量表》二稿評(píng)分者間相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.626(P<0.05),信度良好;評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果與心率間的Spearman相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.593(P<0.01),并在不同心率等級(jí)分組之間存在顯著性差異(P<0.05),具有較好的校標(biāo)效度和區(qū)分效度,將其確定為終稿。大體劃分等級(jí)1～2、3～4和5～6,分別對(duì)應(yīng)體育活動(dòng)中的較低、中等和較大強(qiáng)度。結(jié)論:本研究研制的《學(xué)齡前兒童體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度他評(píng)量表》是一個(gè)包含6個(gè)選項(xiàng)的以圖畫為主要表現(xiàn)形式的教師他評(píng)量表?！读勘怼穼?duì)不同幼兒的體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度具有較好的區(qū)分度,可使教師能夠隨時(shí)了解幼兒體育活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,幫助教師更合理地為幼兒安排體育活動(dòng)課程。
Objective:To develop a scientific,reliable and universal Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children,help teachers and parents understand physical activity intensity among young children and arrange physical activity courses reasonably.Methods:158 and 27 children from one kindergarten in Beijing were assessed to test the evaluation scale.During indoor and outdoor physical activity,children wear Polar Team 2 heart rate monitor and RT3 three axis accelerometer,while teachers and researchers use The Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children and fill in the text version of the scale.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis to test the reliability,validity and rationality of the scale.Results:After text and graphics conversion,calibration validity test(average heart rate:r=0.468,P<0.01;Counts,r=0.472,P<0.01) and teacher feedback,breathing,sweating and facial color were added into the second draft of the scale which were divided into six intensity levels.The correlation coefficient between raters of the second draft of the scale was 0.626(P<0.05),showing good reliability.The Spearman correlation coefficient between the evaluation results and heart rate was 0.593(P<0.01),and there were significant differences among different heart rate grades(P<0.05).With good calibration validity and discrimination validity,the second draft of the scale was identified as the final draft.Generally classified grades 1～2,3～4 and 5～6 correspond to the lower,medium and greater intensity of sports activities respectively.Conclusion:The Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children is a teacher-evaluation scale with 6 levels and in the form of pictures.The scale has a good distinction between different intensity levels.It enables teachers to keep abreast of the intensity of physical activities of children at any time,and helps teachers arrange physical activities courses for children more reasonably.