中國(guó)學(xué)前教育資源空間均衡度變化研究——兼論兩期“學(xué)前教育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”的實(shí)施成效

摘要： 學(xué)前教育空間均衡發(fā)展關(guān)乎個(gè)體公平發(fā)展、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,日益受到關(guān)注?；?005-2016年主要年份省級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2010年兩期"學(xué)前教育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃"實(shí)施以來(lái),學(xué)前教育發(fā)展速度加快,各類教育資源的省際均衡度普遍得到改善,政策補(bǔ)償性功能彰顯。但中國(guó)學(xué)前教育仍為低位均衡,大部分省份存在不同程度的教育資源匱乏,且城鄉(xiāng)差距較大。未來(lái)應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整財(cái)政經(jīng)費(fèi)的空間配置,繼續(xù)向落后地區(qū)和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)傾斜,并對(duì)經(jīng)費(fèi)使用情況實(shí)施監(jiān)管;為提高經(jīng)費(fèi)使用效率,各省要優(yōu)先發(fā)展本省最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié),在補(bǔ)充各類教育資源時(shí)要尊重其發(fā)展特征。
The spatial balanced development of preschool education is significant to equitable personal growth,balanced regional development, and sustainable social development. It has been paid more and more attention.Based on the provincial data from 2005 to 2016, the paper studies changes Chinese preschool education's spatial balance degree, and evaluates the impact of the 1 st and 2 nd phases Three-Year Action Plans for Preschool Education. It's found that the development of preschool education has sped up remarkably since 2010, and most kinds of preschool education resources' inter-provincial gaps has been closing, which indicates that the preschool education compensatory development policies worked. However, China's preschool education resources are at a lowlevel regional balance. Most provinces are facing different levels of scarcity of education resources,and there is a biggish gap between urban and rural areas. Here are some suggestions to further promote the balanced regional development of preschool education. First, the central government and the local governments should adjust the regional allocation of the expenditure, give priority to poor and rural areas, and supervise over the use of funds.Second, the local governments should improve the expenditure efficiency and supplement the scarcest resource firstly. Finally but not the last, suitable measures should be adopted to supplement various resources according to their different characters of the education resources in order to obtain excellent results.