CLASS視角下師幼互動研究的元分析——基于中國14省市892名教師的師幼互動質量評估結果

摘要： 師幼互動質量對幼兒發(fā)展具有重要影響,并能預測幼兒未來學業(yè)成就,是學前教育質量重要的過程性指標之一。本研究對2009～2017年間覆蓋我國14省市892名幼兒園教師的18篇基于CLASS評價工具的師幼互動質量研究進行元分析,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)從整體上看我國師幼互動質量處于中等水平,與其他國家一樣呈現(xiàn)出"情感支持得分較高,教育支持得分較低"的特點;就國際排名來說,教育支持得分較靠前,行為管理和情感支持中的"尊重兒童觀點"和"教師敏感性"得分較靠后;情感支持中的"積極氛圍"與教育支持中的"認知發(fā)展"、情感支持中的"教師敏感性"與教育支持中的"語言示范反饋質量"的相關系數(shù)在0.6以上;除認知發(fā)展和語言示范外,東部地區(qū)在其他8個子維度上的得分均高于中西部地區(qū),但兩者僅在班級管理和情感支持上存在顯著差異;除認知發(fā)展外,非集體活動在其他9個子維度上的得分均高于集體活動,但兩者僅在班級管理上具有顯著差異;小中大班的總效應值均表現(xiàn)出大班>中班>小班的趨勢,但僅在教育支持上具有顯著差異。幼兒園教師應進一步理解和內化科學兒童觀,真正建立兒童中心的信念,提高觀察與支持兒童的能力。未來師幼互動與教師專業(yè)發(fā)展研究應正視區(qū)域差異和不同教育情境的影響,考慮幼兒發(fā)展水平與特征、活動形式與內容等因素的限制。
The quality of teacher-child interaction plays an important role both in the early childhood's development and the prediction of academic achievement. It is one of the most important process indicators of preschool education quality. At present,researches in China mainly use CLASS tools to evaluate the kindergarten teachers within certain regions,which have not revealed the national average from a macro perspective. Therefore,this study analyzed 18 articles which covers 892 kindergarten teachers from 14 provinces and cities in China between 2009 and 2017. It found that :(1)as a whole,① the level of interaction between teachers and children in China is at medium. As other countries shown,the score of emotional support is higher,the score of education support is lower. ② Among international rankings,education support is higher. The behavior management and the "respect for children's perspective"and"teacher sensitivity"in emotional support are lower;③The "positive atmosphere"of emotional support and"cognitive development"of teaching support,as well as "teacher sensitivity"of emotional support and"language demonstration and positive atmosphere"of teaching support,of which the correlation coefficient are above 0.6;(2)With respect to differences,①scores of eastern coastal areas are higher than the central and western regions in eight sub-dimensions except for cognitive development and language demonstration.There are significant differences in the field of class management and emotional support;② Non-collective activities have higher scores than group activities in nine sub-dimensions except for cognitive development.The only significant difference lies in the field of class management between non-collective activities and collective activities;③ The total effect values of the three major areas are as follows:the class of 5 ～6-year-old children > the class of 4 ～5-year-old children > the class of 3 ～4-year-old children. There is only significant difference in the field of education support between above classes. On analyzing the causes behind the results,this study proposes three suggestions. Firstly,deepen the internalization of kindergarten teachers' views on children. Secondly,focus on teachers' ability to observe children and then link with supportive strategies. Thirdly,pay attention to the distinction of interaction between teachers and children in different contexts as well as of educational situations.