This guideline describes how to collect and use TEE images to solve the clinical problems, and focus on the method of circulatory monitor by ultrasound with purpose of the diagnosis and treatment decision-making.11.1　The evaluation before TEE examination(...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    12.1　IntroductionFluid therapy is an important measure to maintain patients vital signs stable perioperatively, and it is recommended to attach great importance to fluid therapy during operation.This guideline is neither mandatory nor convictive in judgin...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Perioperative blood transfusion is a medical behavior to achieve the purpose of treatment by infusion blood or its components (including autologous blood and allogeneic blood, red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitation, etc.).Co...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    (1) Perioperative blood glucose abnormalities (including hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and blood glucose fluctuations) may increase the mortality and complications of surgery patients, extend the length of stay, and affect the long-term outcome.Therefore, m...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    15.1　Definition and etiology15.1.1　DefinitionAllergic reactions refer to life-threatening systemic reactions triggered by some kind of substance, most of which is sudden and accidental and difficult to predict.In severe cases, the mortality rate was 3%-6%...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Tracheal extubation mainly includes four stages: ① Preliminary plans; ② Preparation for Extubation; ③Extubation; ④ Treatment after extubation (Figure 16-1)Figure 16-1　The flowchart of endotracheal tube extubation16.1　preliminary planThe preliminary plan o...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    To reduce all kinds of complications caused by extubation stress after general anesthesia, and to ensure the safety of patients with cardiovascular disease and the success of the special fine operations, its necessary to develop a guideline for extubation...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    The perioperative patient transportation is an important part of anesthesia management, which is essential to the safety of the patient.Necessary monitoring and normative handover are keys to the safe transportation.The purpose of this guideline is to fac...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    19.1　Physiological changes of pregnancyPregnant women have significant physiological changes, during gestation, these changes become more and more significant, especially in high-risk pregnant women, which may have a significant impact on anesthesia.19.1....[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Table 20-1　The severity and diagnosis of OSAHS of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association 2009[1]Note: AHI, apnea-hypopnea index, means a verage hourly sleep apnea + hypopnea frequency during sleeping.Table 20-2　The seve...[繼續(xù)閱讀]